Vol. 79; No. 13; April 1, 2003
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Table of Contents:
Meditation - Rev. Steven Houck
Editorial - Prof. David J. Engelsma
Letters:
Feature Article - Rev. Angus Stewart
All Around us Rev. Kenneth Koole
Go Ye Into All the World Rev. Jason Kortering
Search the Scriptures Rev. Martin VanderWal
A Word Fitly Spoken Rev. Dale Kuiper
In His Fear Rev. Richard Smit
Grace Life Rev. Mitchell Dick
News From Our Churches - Mr. Benjamin Wigger
Rev. Houck is pastor of Peace Protestant Reformed Church in Lansing, Illinois.
For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man
should boast.
Before we look at the positive meaning of this
passage, let us take note of the fact that Roman Catholicism teaches the very opposite of
what is taught here. Rome teaches that a
person is saved by means of works. Original
sin and the sins committed before baptism are forgiven by baptism. After that, a person can be forgiven only when he
earns forgiveness by doing good works. Penance
is doing the good works that the priest assigns at the time of ones confession of
sin. These works are necessary for salvation.
Rome also teaches that the works of others may be applied to you. They believe that the virgin Mary and the saints
performed more good works than were necessary for their own salvation. Therefore, there is a large reservoir of works at
the disposal of the priest to apply to someone else.
An indulgence, which is the forgiveness of sin, is granted on the basis of these
good works. A person merely has to pay the
church, and the priest will grant an indulgence that will forgive all or part of his sins. Thus he buys the good works of the saints to gain
his forgiveness. Even though the Roman Church
speaks of Christ and of grace, Christs work and Gods grace are not sufficient
to save a person. There must also be works.
This view of salvation is wrong. It
is contrary to this passage. We read in verse
9, Not of works, lest any man should boast. Salvation
is not of works. A person does not earn
salvation by doing good works. Mans
efforts are of no value when it comes to his salvation.
This is the teaching of all of Scripture. We read in
Galatians 2:16,
Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law
. We read in
Titus 3:5,
Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he
saved us
.
What saves us? We read in the passage,
For by grace are ye saved
. Notice
first of all that we need salvation. The
Roman Catholic believes that man is not so depraved that he cannot help God save himself. Man can do good that will count toward his
justification. Man is not utterly lost. He has fallen, but not so far that he cannot climb
out of the pit into which he has fallen.
That is not the biblical view of salvation. Biblical
salvation implies that we are so utterly depraved that there is nothing that we can do to
save ourselves. We are so utterly sinful that even after we have been regenerated, we still can do nothing to save ourselves. We read in
Isaiah 64:6,
all our
righteous-nesses are as filthy rags
. How
can we earn salvation when all our works of righteousness are as filthy rags? The best that the regenerated man can do is not
good enough for God. Even the best of our
good works are defiled by our sin. That is
why we need salvation. Salvation must be all
of God and nothing of us. Thus we read in
Romans 9:16,
So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of
God that sheweth mercy.
That is why salvation is said to be of grace in this passage, For by grace
are ye saved
. It is not only this
passage that says that salvation is of grace. So does all of Scripture. We read in
Acts 15:11,
But we believe that through the grace of the Lord
Jesus Christ we shall be saved.
We read in
Romans 3:24,
Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus
(Rom. 11:5),
there is a remnant according to
the election of grace.
What does it mean that we are saved by grace?
The word grace means pleasantness, loveliness, charm, and
beauty. That God is grace means that
God is in Himself lovely, charming, beautiful. God
is also gracious to us, His people. First of
all, God has a gracious attitude toward us. His
attitude is one of beauty and pleasantness. That
is why he has chosen us to salvation. Election
is the election of grace because it is His love and pleasantness toward us.
Secondly, Gods grace is also the power that saves us. Because God has a pleasant disposition toward us
and wants to save us, He does save us. Gods
grace is not weak. It is the almighty power
of God that always results in salvation for its objects.
That is what this passage declares, For by grace are ye saved.
In the third place, this grace of God that saves is undeserved favor. By its very nature it is not something that can be
earned or deserved. It is the free gift of
God. This idea is in the word
grace. God is gracious to one person and not another because of His own sovereign, free will. Grace has no works in it whatsoever. In
Romans 11:6
we read, And if by grace,
then is it no more of works: otherwise grace is no more grace. But if it be of works, then it is no more grace:
otherwise work is no more work. Grace
and works are opposites. If it is of works,
it cannot be of grace. If it is of grace, it
cannot be of works. Salvation by grace means
that salvation is totally out of our hands. Only
God can save us and does save us.
Salvation by grace involves Christ and His suffering on the cross.
Romans 3:24,
Being justified freely by his
grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.
Salvation has nothing to do with us and our work because it has everything to do
with Christ and His work. God forgives His
people and declares them to be righteous on the basis of the blood of Christ. That is why salvation is of grace. Someone else did what was necessary for us to be
saved. God Himself, in His only begotten Son,
purchased salvation for us. He gives
salvation to us as a free gift, because He did it all and we do nothing for it.
Grace
is not the only thing that is mentioned in this passage. We read, For by grace are ye saved through faith
. Faith is necessary for salvation. No one can be saved without faith. Thus we read in
Mark 16:16,
He that
believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned. That we are to believe in the Lord Jesus Christ
means that we believe the truth concerning Christ that is taught in the Holy Scriptures. It also means that we trust Christ for our
salvation. We rely totally upon His suffering
and death as the only means of our forgiveness. We
are confident that Christs work alone was sufficient to pay the price of our sins
and merit for us righteousness and eternal life.
The reason that faith is necessary for salvation is that grace uses faith when it
saves. Grace saves through the
instrumentality of faith. There are many
passages of Scripture that connect grace and faith.
Romans 4:16
is just one of them. We read,
Therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace
. Faith is like grace. It has nothing to do with works. Faith is a totally different principle than works. That is why grace uses faith. When the Judaizer tried to get the Christians of
Rome to keep the law for salvation, they promoted a principle of works. But the apostle Paul admonished them that it is
not of works, but of faith. It is faith that is counted for righteousness
(Rom. 4:3).
That
makes salvation of grace.
Even though faith, like grace, is much different than works, there are many who
teach that faith is something that comes from within man, not God. Roman Catholics do not talk much about faith. Faith is not even a part of most of the works that
they perform. They partake of the Lords
Supper in a mechanical way. They eat Christ
with their mouths, not with faith. When they
speak of faith, it is not so much faith in Jesus Christ as it is faith in the church. Faith is considered the work of man. It is up to man himself to believe in the church
for salvation.
This is the common view among most who profess to be believers. A very prominent evangelical Greek scholar says,
Grace is Gods part, faith ours. The
idea is this. God provides the gift of
salvation for man by His grace, but man has to accept that gift by faith. This is free-willism. It is Arminianism.
It makes all of salvation dependent upon man and his choice rather than God and His
choice. They speak of salvation by grace, but
in reality it is a salvation by the free will of man.
This view, that faith is mans work, makes the Arminian just as bad as the
Roman Catholic. Faith is made a work of man,
that is, a condition for salvation. This view
of grace is just the opposite of grace. It
has the sound of grace, but in reality it takes us back to salvation by works.
In this passage, the words
that not of yourselves: it is the gift
of God
modify the word faith.
Faith does not come from us. A person
cannot simply muster up some faith. The
Arminian and the Roman Catholic contradict what this passage says about faith. This passage says faith does not come from you. It does not originate in your heart. You have no
faith of yourself. Faith is the gift of God. A man can have faith only when God gives it to
him. Not only this text, but all of Scripture
declares that faith is a gift of God. We read in
Ephesians 1:19,
who believe, according to the working of his mighty
power
. We believe only because Gods mighty power has worked faith in us. In
John 6:44
we read, No man can
come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him.
No one can go to Christ in faith unless the Father draws him to Christ by giving him faith in Christ.
Acts 13:48,
and as many as
were ordained to eternal life believed. Only
those who were ordained to eternal life believed. They
believed because they were ordained to eternal life.
This is how salvation is by grace through faith.
God in His grace elected certain people to be saved.
In His grace He sent Christ to suffer and die for them so that He would merit
salvation for those chosen people. In His
grace God regenerated His elect people and put the power of faith in their hearts. In His grace He called that power into activity so
that the elect regenerated person believes in the Lord Jesus Christ. Thus salvation is by grace through faith because
grace gives the faith that is necessary for man to be saved. Not only is salvation all of grace and therefore
all of God, but even the instrument that grace uses is from God. Truly, salvation is of
the Lord.
Salvation
by grace through faith results in something very important. Before we see that, let us consider what is the
result of salvation by works. When someone
believes that he contributes to his salvation by his works or his faith, the result will
be that he boasts in himself. He will glory
in himself rather than in God.
The Roman Catholic will boast, I have not missed a mass in 50 years. I am faithful in regularly going to confession. I have given thousands of dollars to the
church. The Arminian will boast,
I have chosen Christ. I have given my
life to Christ. I have freely accepted His
salvation. But all of this is boasting
in oneself. When that happens, God does not
receive the honor and glory. To the extent
that man boasts in his efforts, he does not glory in God.
Salvation is by grace through faith so that the boasting will not be in man, but in
God. Look at the passage, For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast. We read in
1 Corinthians 1:31,
He that
glorieth, let him glory in the Lord. We
are to boast. But that boasting is to be in
the Lord and only in the Lord. That is what
happens when salvation is by grace through faith. For
then we realize that we had nothing to do with our salvation. Then we realize that God and only God saves us. God does everything that is necessary for our
salvation. There is nothing left for us, and
so we praise Him. We praise God for choosing
us to be His children. We praise God for
sending Christ to suffer and die for us. We
praise God for regenerating us. We praise Him
for working faith in our hearts. We praise
God because we know that we do not deserve all of this grace. It is Gods undeserved favor.
When we boast in God for salvation, it is especially His grace in which we boast. Notice the first word of the passage,
For. This word connects the
passage with verse 7, That in the ages to come he might shew the exceeding riches of
his grace in his kindness toward us through Christ Jesus. The reason that salvation is by grace through
faith and not of works is that grace might be displayed in all of its riches and thus God
will be glorified forever. God does not save
us as an end in itself. Salvation is a means
to an end. It is for the purpose of
glorifying God forever. It does that because
in salvation grace is displayed. Gods
grace is seen to be rich and abundant, for it brings with it such overwhelming kindness to
man. What wondrous grace that does everything
necessary for salvation. What great grace
that saves a sinner like me. What grace that
sacrifices Gods own Son for us. Salvation
by grace shows us just how wonderful God is, and it gives all the glory to Him.
The movement in conservative Reformed churches denying not only
justification by faith alone but also all the doctrines of grace is, as it claims, a
development of the doctrine of a conditional covenant.
One way the doctrine of a conditional covenant implies justification by works is
its teaching that faith is a condition upon which the covenant, the covenant blessings,
and the covenant God Himself depend. Faith
itself is a human work contributing to covenant salvation.
It is a short, logical, and inevitable step to teach that also the works of faith
are conditions and, therefore, part of the sinners righteousness with God. This was the subject of the previous editorial.
Liberating the Covenant
A second way in which the doctrine of a conditional covenant necessarily implies
the denial of the gospel of salvation by sovereign grace is the conditional
covenants adamant refusal to have the covenant determined and controlled by
election. Defenders of a conditional covenant
state this refusal in a misleading way: The
covenant is not to be identified with election.
In fact, no theologian or church has ever been so doctrinally dense as to identify
covenant and election. What they mean, of
course, is that election, accompanied by reprobation, does not determine who they are with
whom the covenant is personally and everlastingly established. Neither does election determine the recipients of
the blessings of the covenant. Nor does
election determine who are saved in and by the covenant.
The accurateand honestway of expressing their position would be,
The covenant with its blessings and salvation is outside the sovereign control of
predestination. Or, the blessings
and salvation of the covenant are broader, much broader, than election. Or, the grace of God in the covenant is
universal, whereas the grace of election is particular.
The question that the liberators of the covenant from election never answer is,
Whose will then does control and determine the covenant?
A covenant liberated from election necessarily extends the covenant grace of God in
Christ to many more than those only who are finally saved by this grace, posits a death of
Christ for many members of the covenant who perish in the end, and allows for the falling
away of many who were once united to Christ by covenant grace. These implications of the doctrine of a
conditional covenant are boldly proclaimed today as a new orthodoxy for Reformed churches.
That the covenant is determined by election is the apostles teaching in
Galatians 3:16, 29:
Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one. And to thy seed, which is Christ.
And if ye be Christs, then are ye Abrahams seed, and heirs according to the promise.
God established His covenant by promise
with Christ personally, who is the elect, and in Him with those who are
Christs, that is, all those whom the Father gave to Christ in the decree of election
(John 17:6ff.).
On this biblical basis, to the utter confounding of all the Presbyterians who join
in the hue-and-cry that the covenant is not to be identified with election the
West-minster Larger Catechism declares that the covenant of grace was made with
Christ as the second Adam, and in him with all the elect as his seed (Q. and A. 31). This is clear.
This is decisive. This is the truth. And this is authoritative for all Presbyterian
officebearers.
Christ is the head of the covenant of grace, as the comparison between Adam and Christ in
Romans 5:12ff.
implies. Wherefore,
as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all
men, for that all have sinned.... Therefore
as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the
righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life
(Rom. 5:12, 18).
If Christ is the head of the
covenant, then the establishment of the covenant, the blessings of the covenant, and the
salvation of the covenant are determined by election.
It is precisely the point of the apostle in
Romans 9:6ff.
that Gods covenant
salvation in the Old Testament had its source in, and was determined by, Gods
election. Gods covenant mercy was
particular: I will have mercy on whom I
will have mercy (v. 15). It was freely
bestowed only on the children of the promise, who alone were counted by God for the seed
of Abraham: The children of the promise
are counted for the seed (v. 8). And
the children of the promise, that is, those descendants of Abraham to whom alone the
promise was given and who were begotten spiritually by the power of the promise, were
determined by election (vv. 10-18).
Whenever in the history of the church the gospel of grace has been corrupted, the
cause has been fear or hatred of sovereign, particular, gracious election.
A Universal, Ineffectual Promise
The third way in which the doctrine of a conditional covenant implies universal,
conditional grace, and thus is responsible for the destruction of the gospel of grace that
is underway in conservative Reformed circles today, is its teaching of a universal,
conditional promise. According to the
conditional covenant, God directs His gracious covenant promise to all baptized persons
alike, if not to all who hear the preaching of the gospel.
The meaning is not that all hear the promise.
But God on His part promises to every baptized person alike that He will be his
God, that He incorporates him into Christ and the covenant, and that He will save him.
United Reformed minister John Barach spoke for the movement and, in reality, for
those who hold a conditional covenant when he said that baptism is Gods promise to
every baptized person that he is an elect.
This covenant promise is grace. Given
to all, it is grace to all.
But the gracious covenant promise depends for its fulfillment upon the condition of
faith. Depending as it does upon the
condition of faith, and even upon the works of faith, the gracious promise of the covenant
fails of fulfillment in multitudes of instances.
The source of Norman Shepherds total reconstruction, and complete
destruction, of creedal Calvinism, indeed historic Protestantism, is his covenant
doctrine. The heart of his covenant doctrine
is the teaching that the covenant consists of two parts, a gracious promise and the
condition of faith. The gracious promise,
made to many more than only those who are finally saved, is Gods part. The condition of believing is mans part. Mans part is not of grace. And upon mans doing his part, Gods
part depends.
No one can examine this doctrine in the light of the Canons of Dordt and come to
any other conclusion than that the doctrine is Arminianism applied to the covenant.
This aspect of the conditional covenant, namely, a general promise that depends on the condition of faith, the apostle denies in
Romans 9:6ff.
The perishing of many Israelites in the Old Testament and the perishing of many
baptized members of the visible church today do not indicate that the word of God
hath taken none effect. The word of God
is the covenant promise. This promise was not
given to every Israelite. It is not given
today to everyone who hears the gospel, or who is baptized.
The covenant word of promise concerns, and is directed to, Israel, that
is, the true covenant people of God according to election.
Though heard by them, and rejected, the covenant word of promise does not concern,
nor is it directed by God to, those who are only of Israel, that is, the
reprobate who live in the sphere of the covenant.
The covenant promise did not fail, though many physical children of Abraham went
lost in unbelief.
The gracious covenant promise is particular and unconditional. As such, and only as such, it is effectual. It establishes the covenant. It maintains the covenant. It begets its own children: children of the promise. It works faith in its children by (not: because
of ) which it can bestow, and the children can embrace, Christ and all the blessings
of the covenant. It bestows the blessings of
the covenant. And it saves every member of
the covenant.
The gracious, almighty covenant promise, that is, the Word of God, does all these
things in the power of the Holy Spirit.
The covenant promise depends upon nothing in the covenant people.
But the covenant people depend upon the covenant promise.
A general, conditional covenant promise, on the other hand, is ineffectual. It is
weak. It is as weak as the sinner upon whom
it depends. It cannot establish the covenant
with a man, or, if it does, it cannot maintain the covenant. It cannot bestow the blessings of the covenant
upon a man, or, if it does, it cannot assure their continuance. It cannot save the members of the covenant, or, if
it does begin to save, it cannot preserve them in salvation. A gracious covenant promise that is general and
conditional is quite un-sovereign. Contemporary
defenders of a conditional covenant are making this very clear.
What this doctrine of universal, conditional, losable grace in the (breakable)
covenant does to the assurance of salvation is dreadful.
It destroys all assurance. Are you
object of the gracious promise of God today? No
matter; tomorrow, you may be object of His just curse.
Are you in living communion with Christ as a baptized member of the church today? It means nothing; tomorrow, you may be cut off. Are you elect today? Never mind; tomorrow, you may be reprobate. But
this is the subject of another series of editorials.
Rooting Out the Heresy
The contemporary movement in reputedly conservative Reformed and Presbyterian
churches denying justification by faith alone and attacking all the doctrines of grace is
logical development of the theory of a conditional covenant. Therefore, it cannot be opposed, not effectively,
except by the repudiation of a conditional covenant.
There are theologians who are condemning the movement, although they are few. The silence of most Reformed theologians and
churches silence in the face of one of the gravest threats to the gospel of grace
since Dordt! is deafening. But the
theologians who do speak out mostly limit themselves to the error of denying justification
by faith alone. They do not get to the root
of the evil. They cannot. With the rare exception, they are themselves
committed to a conditional covenant.
One of two things will happen.
The theologians and the churches may reexamine their confession of a conditional
covenant. Pray God this is the outcome! Then, Reformed theologians and churches will at
last seriously confront these questions: Is
the covenant conditional, that is, dependent on what the sinner does? Is the promise of the covenant directed in grace
to all alike, depending for its realization on the sinner?
Is the covenant independent of election? Is
the covenant breakable in the sense that God establishes it with a man by gracious promise
so that he has the life and benefits of the covenant in his heart, but because of unbelief
and disobedience loses the covenant in the end?
If the Reformed churches face these questions, they will also be led to consider
whether the covenant is not a warm, living relation of love, rather than a cold contract;
whether the covenant in Scripture is not itself the highest good the very
blessedness of salvationrather than a mere means to some other end; and whether
Christ is not the head of the covenant of grace.
Or, the outcome of the present development of a conditional covenant will be that
Reformed and Presbyterian churches succumb to the movement and are destroyed as Reformed
churches altogether.
and the Protestant
Reformed
What has this contemporary debate over the covenant to do with the Protestant
Reformed Seminary?
Much in every way!
At this crucial hour for the gospel of grace, the Protestant Reformed Churches are
called to confess, explain, and defend the unconditional covenant. The defense must include exposure and condemnation
of the doctrine of a conditional covenant.
The Protestant Reformed Seminary has a vital role in this calling because it trains
men as pastors and teachers.
Certain reputedly conservative Reformed and Presbyterian seminaries are
fountainheads of the new departure from the gospel of grace. One of them has been a fountainhead of this
grievous error for the past thirty or more years (see Mark W. Karlberg, The Changing
of the Guard: Westminster Theological
Seminary in Philadelphia, The Trinity Foundation, 2001).
Inasmuch as the present attack on the gospel of sovereign grace, centering on
justification by faith alone, roots in a conditional covenant, one seminary in all the
world, so far as I know, equips preachers of the gospel to resist the modern assault on
sovereign grace. One seminary instructs
ministers of the Word and sacraments in the truth of the unconditional covenant. One seminary prepares men both to teach the
unconditional covenant and to warn against the doctrine of a conditional covenant.
I am emphatically not saying, nor suggesting, nor implying, that at this critical
hour for the Reformed faith the very gospel recovered by the sixteenth century
Reformation of the church everything depends on us.
In fact, nothing depends on us. This
is the humbling, yet liberating, implication of the truth of the unconditional covenant. All depends on the faithful God, who having made
His covenant with His chosen, Jesus Christ, will keep it.
All depends on the God of truth, who, having sworn unto David His servant, will fulfill His promise (
Ps. 89).
Nevertheless, as the seminary God has made us by the Word and through our unique
tradition, we have a high privilege and a solemn duty on behalf of, and in, the covenant
of grace. We professors are called to teach
the unconditional covenant. The students must
learn the truth of the covenant so that they can hand it over to believers and their
children in sermons and catechism instruction. The
Theological School Committee is required to see that this teaching and learning take
place. The congregations are obligated to
support this work and avail themselves of it.
In this way, a witness goes out, in all kinds of ways, especially to the world of
Reformed and Presbyterian churches. It may be
that some will now hear the Protestant Reformed testimony to the unconditional covenant. Who knows, as Mordecai asked of Esther, whether we
are come to the kingdom for such a time as this? It may also be the case that at this late date in
history, when the rot of apostasy has reached the vitals of the best of the Reformed and
Presbyterian churches, there is continued resistance and even increased hostility.
The result is in Gods will.
Let us do our work. Let us make our
witness, whether men hear or forbear.
As for us, let us seek salvation for ourselves, our children, and our grandchildren
in the God of the unconditional covenant, the God of grace.
And give Him, Him only, the glory.
The Unconditional
I
like to know what position you take on the question of Gods love for reprobates. In reading about the unconditional covenant in the
February 15, 2003 issue of the Standard Bearer, I am
not clear about your position. What do the
Reformed standards have to say on this question?
Jerry
Allie
Statesville,
NC
The doctrine of the unconditional covenant teaches that God, in pure grace and on
the basis of the (limited) atonement of the cross of Christ, establishes His covenant with
the elect in Christ, and with them only. The
foundation and source in God of His covenant with sinful men and women is His love for
them, the love that chose them in the eternal decree of election.
God does not love the reprobates, whom in hatred He has eternally appointed to
damnation.
That God does not love the reprobates who are born to believing parents and who have the sign of the covenant is the plain teaching of
Romans 9:13:
Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I
hated.
No Reformed or Presbyterian confession teaches a love of God for the reprobates.
All teach the hatred of God for the reprobates.
The Westminster Confession of Faith is representative. Having taught in 3.5 that God chose some persons
to salvation out of his mere free grace and love, Westminster confesses in
Article 7 that God passed by and ordained the others to dishonor and wrath for their sin, withholding
His mercy (love) from them as He pleases.
It would be quite a revelation if defenders of a conditional covenant made with all
alike were thus frankly to answer your question. Does
God love the reprobates with whom He (conditionally) establishes His covenant? Does God love them, not, of course, with a
common grace kind of love, but with the love of the covenant?
Ed.
Rev.
Stewart is a Protestant Reformed minister, presently working in Northern Ireland.
Leading twentieth
century Patrician scholars reckon that he was born between c. 389 and c. 415 and that his
death was between c. 460 and c. 493. They
estimate Patrick lived between seventy and seventy-eight years. Many reckon that he was buried in or near
Downpatrick, Co. Down. His mission in Ireland
occurred between 430 at the earliest and 490 at the latest, and lasted at least thirty
years. Augustine of Hippos dates are
354-430, and the Roman Empire fell in 476. If
we think of Patrick laboring in Ireland from the death of Augustine to the fall of Rome
and perhaps beyond, we shall not be far wrong. Thus
he stands at or near the fall of the old world and the beginning of the dark ages. But it is doubtful how much he knew of Augustine
or of Odoacers conquest of Rome, for he was on the very periphery of the then-known
world.1
What of his family? Patrick was
born into a family with ecclesiastical connections. His
father, Calpornius, was a deacon, and his paternal grandfather, Potitus, was a presbyter
or elder (Conf 1). Hanson writes,
We should not be surprised that both Patricks father and grandfather were clergy; clerical marriage was countenanced in one form or another well into the Middle Ages, indeed as late as the eleventh century, and in Patricks day carried no particular stigma.2
Patricks father was a member of the local town council responsible for
raising taxes to finance local government under the administrative system of the Roman
Empire. He also owned an estate. Thus he was a member of one of the higher stratas
of Roman British society. In keeping with his
relatively high station in life, Patrick speaks of the men and women servants of
my fathers house and refers to his own worldly position and
aristocratic status (Letter 10).
Patrick did not live in one of the major population centers but in the
village of Bannavem Taber-niae (Conf 1).
We are unsure of its location but it seems safest to conclude that it was on or
near the west coast of Britain, either in Scotland, Wales, or England. This was the most accessible region to Irish
pirates, and it was through one of their plunderous raids that the sixteen-year-old
Patrick, almost a beardless boy, found himself a slave on Irish soil (Conf 1,
10).
Patrick, the young Briton, was sold as a slave by his captors and, like many
other men used in the gathering and preservation of the church, was employed for a time as
a shepherd (Conf 16). This must have
been quite a change for Patrick. Hanson
opines that Patrick was perhaps spoiled and certainly waited on by
servants.3 Now he was a servant not a master. He experienced many long nights in the woods
or on the mountain ... in snow and frost and rain (Conf 16). He was also a stranger in a strange land, for
Ireland was to him an outlandish nation (Letter 10).
It is at this point that we gain an insight into Patricks spiritual
condition. Although he was brought up in a
covenant home, he had not yet believed in the God of his fathers. Patrick speaks of the
days before his Irish captivity: I was
not a believer in the living God, and had not been since my infancy, but I lay in death
and disbelief.... Then I used to take no thought even for my own [salvation]
(Conf 27-28). At the time of his
kidnapping he confesses, I did not then know the true God (Conf 1). He was converted to God when a slave in Ireland (Conf
2). As an old man looking back on his life,
he understood that his Irish captivity was Gods chastening him on account of his
sins (Conf 1-3).
Patrick, however, was able to escape. Following
the guidance of a dream, he journeyed some 200 miles (Conf 17) to a coastal town,
where he managed to board a ship. A few years
later in Britain, Patrick received another dream.
I saw in a vision of the night a man coming apparently from Ireland whose
name was Victoricus, with an unaccountable number of letters, and he gave me one of them
and I read the heading of the letter which ran, The Cry of the Irish [Vox
Hiberionacum], and while I was reading aloud the heading of the letter I was
imagining that at that very moment I heard the voice of those who were by the wood of
Voclut which is near the Western Sea, and this is what they cried with one voice,
Holy boy, we are asking you to come and walk among us again, and I was deeply
struck to the heart and I was not able to read any further and at that I woke up (Conf
23).4
Patrick became a deacon (Conf 27)
and then a missionary bishop in Ireland.
Roman Catholic scholars have been especially interested in arguing that Patrick
received his theological training in Lerins in southern France. This would make it easier for them to unite him to
the Roman pontiff. However, Christine
Mohrmann, in her 1961 lectures at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, pointed out,
There is nothing in [Patricks] language which supports the tradition of a
prolonged personal contact with Lerins or with any form of Continental monasticism. She notes that the key traits of Continental
monastic writings, such as special monastic terms and very frequent reference to the
Psalms and demonology, are missing from Patricks writings.5
Patrick did, however, visit France (Conf 43; cf. 32); that much is
clear. But he was a British bishop sent by
the church of mainland Britain to Ireland. Hansons
conclusion bears repeating:
The internal evidence from Patricks own writing compels us to realize that he was educated for the ministry in Britain, spent his ministry between ordination and the mission to Ireland in Britain, was in fact wholly the product of the British Church, and that later tradition, which sends him with such imaginative abandon to Lerins or to Auxerre or to Rome or to an island in the Tyrrhenian sea, must be discounted.6
His thirty years or more of labor in Ireland saw much fruit. Paganism was dealt a mighty blow. Human sacrifice was all but finished. Within [Patricks] lifetime or soon
after his death, writes Thomas Cahill, the Irish slave trade came to a halt,
and other forms of violence, such as murder and intertribal warfare, decreased.7 Paganism was
not, however, completely vanquished. One
merely has to think of the abiding place of fairies and leprechauns in Irish thought.
Patrick writes of large numbers and so many thousands
of converts (Letter 2; Conf 14, 50), with not a few from amongst the ruling
classes. Patrick even takes the time to tell
us of the baptism of one blessed Irish woman, an aristocrat of noble race very
beautiful and of full age (Conf 42).8 At his death the
church in Ireland had been well established in many parts of the island and was served by
the many officebearers he and others had ordained. Some
form of monastic life had also taken root. The
church of Jesus Christ in Ireland, in whose formation Patrick was instrumental, was to
play a vital role in the evangelization of many parts of Europe in the dark ages after the
fall of the Roman Empire. Next time we shall
consider the gospel that Patrick preached, D.V.
4. It would appear that the Wood of Voclut
was the region where Patrick labored as a shepherd.
Its location depends on whether the Western Sea is to be understood as west with
respect to Ireland (the Atlantic Ocean) or west with respect to Britain (the Irish Sea).
5. Christine Mohrmann, The Latin of Saint
Patrick (Dublin: Dublin University Press, 1961), pp. 45-46.
8.
This reference to the attractive appearance of a female baptismal candidate is not
the sort of thing one finds often in the writings of the Ante-Nicene and Post-Nicene
Fathers.
Rev.
Koole is pastor of Grandville Protestant Reformed Church in Grandville, Michigan.
Relentless
Pressure
As
we mentioned in a previous installment, there is progression in evil. The Evil One, as he plots his strategy, moves his
pieces square by square with his sights set squarely on eventually getting at the church. In harmony with this strategy, the political
liberals are in the process of pursuing legal concessions that in the end will give them
the right to curtail sharply religious freedoms for this nations citizenry and,
ultimately, to place restraints on the churchs right to govern her own affairs. David Limbaugh, affiliated with the Creators
Syndicate, Inc., alerts us to an interesting instance of this in connection with the legal
controversy in which the Boy Scouts organization has been embroiled over the last few
years, namely, the right to exclude homosexuals from serving as Scout leaders.
Liberal and pro-gay organizations have been using various ploys to challenge the
right of the Boy Scouts to determine their own membership.
They are seeking to prevail upon courts to declare such a right as
being unconstitutional and discriminatory. To
this point they have been unsuccessful. This
has not, however, dissuaded various groups of lawyers (which in too many instances have
become synonymous with liberal to the extreme) from bringing pressure to bear
on the courts to reverse these decisions.
Regardless of how one views membership in the Boy Scouts, legal concessions made to
those who want to dictate to the Boy Scouts whom they may or may not exclude (on the basis
of morality) will have serious repercussions on religious freedom down the road. In an
article entitled Tolerance, Liberal Style, Limbaugh (who also happens to be an
attorney) points this out.
It might be easier to stomach liberals sermonizing about tolerance, inclusion and religious freedom if they didnt come to the tolerance table with such thoroughly unclean hands.
Just as the best way to confirm that a pathological liar is lying is to see his lips moving, the surest sign of liberal intolerance in progress is a liberals denunciation of conservative intolerance. The louder he protests, the more certain you can be of his own culpability.
Two current news stories illustrate the point. One involves liberal mania over the freedom of California judges to associate with the Boy Scouts of America. The other concerns the controversy over President Bushs nomination of a conservative Christian physician to serve on a Food and Drug Administration advisory commission.
(Please note, in this article we are
concerned only with the case involving the Boy Scouts.)
Two California bar associations are pressuring the California Supreme Court to amend Californias Code of Judicial Conduct to prohibit judges from associating with the Boy Scouts. The Los Angeles Bar Association and the Bar Association of San Francisco claim that if judges affiliate with the Boy Scouts, they will create a perception that they have an anti-homosexual bias.
Why? Because BSA has a policy ruled legal by the United States Supreme Court of excluding homosexuals as scout leaders. Presently, the California Judicial Ethics Code prohibits judges from belonging to organizations that practice invidious discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, national origin or sexual orientation.
Nonprofit youth organizations are an exception to this rule, but the two bar associations are determined to close this loophole. They are saying, in effect, that California judges should be denied their right to participate in groups whose policies reflect values with which they disagree.
Now notice, as Limbaugh perceptively
points out, where this challenge will inevitably lead if adopted as law.
Whats the difference between affiliation with the Boy Scouts and membership in a church that not only excludes homosexuals as pastors but openly condemns homosexual behavior as sinful? You can be sure there are plenty of such churches. Does that mean that California judges should not be allowed to be members of those churches lest they give the impression that they may carry the churchs values (biases) into the courtroom?
You can dress this up however you want to, but what this boils down to is militant liberal thought police trying forcibly to impose their secular values on our society. If you dispute this, then tell me whether you think these groups or others like them, would be in favor, for example, of barring the judges membership in gay-rights organizations. Couldnt an argument just as reasonably be made that a judges affiliation with such organizations would create a perception of his anti-Christian bias?
No, these groups are not champions of tolerance, inclusion or religious freedom, but a certain set of politically correct values. And if you dont share those values, you will not be tolerated, included or accorded religious freedom, much less freedom of choice or association.
This is perceptive. This is
frightening. Even should those who are
challenging the right of an organization such as the Boy Scouts to
discriminate on the basis of ethics (excluding from membership due to behavior
defined as sinful) be defeated this time, the reality is, it is this mentality of
intolerance of freedom of religion and conscience that is gaining the day and that is
going to prevail in the end. In time, not
only will one be prevented from being a judge if one belongs to an organization (a church)
that discriminates against various sinful lifestyles, but pressure will be
brought to bear upon every work-place that dares hire those who are members of such
intolerant, bigoted organizations. The
days are coming. The handwriting is on the
wall.
A Casino
Coming
Recently
approval of building a local casino has been a lively issue in the West Michigan area. Actually, it is now all but a foregone conclusion
a casino to be built with state approval; and that despite the citizens of the area
who opposed the project, followed the lawful way all the way to the state legislature, and
secured a favorable vote to prohibit building said casino in the area. It did not matter.
Those in power have ways and means to dismiss the will of the people and to impose
their own will. Some Indian tribe will get
its wish to build a casino in our backyard.
They are an oppressed minority, after all. What exactly is oppressive about keeping their
casinos out of a given area is another question. But
this is becoming common practice across this great land of ours.
Be that as it may, it might be well to remind ourselves of the sinfulness of
gambling and its attending evils. Gambling
has become an American way of life, from the local convenience store to the gas pump. Lotto tickets anyone? Ronald A. Reno, in an article entitled
Gamblings Impact on Families (on CitizenLink, a web site of Focus
on the Family), points out what deeply rooted evils the sin of gambling begets. We do well to be warned.
The tragedy of gambling addiction reaches far beyond the more than 15 million Americans who are problem or pathological gamblers. Employers, work associates, friends, and taxpayers often pay a steep price as well. However, it is family members who bear the brunt of the pain and misery that accompanies this addiction. In addition to material deprivations, family members frequently experience the trauma of divorce, child abuse and neglect, and domestic violence.
Divorce:
* In a survey of nearly 400 Gambler Anonymous members, 28 percent reported being either separated or divorced as a direct result of their gambling problems.
* The number of divorces in Harrison County, Mississippi, has nearly tripled since the introduction of casinos. The county, which is home to ten casinos, has averaged an additional 850 divorces per year since casinos arrived.
* A nationwide survey undertaken for the National Gambling Impact Study Commission found that respondents representing 2 million adults identified a spouses gambling as a significant factor in a prior divorce .
Child Abuse and Neglect:
* In Indiana, a review of the states gaming commission records revealed that 72 children were found abandoned on casino premises during a 14-month period.
* Cases of child abandonment at Foxwoods, the nations largest casino in Ledyard, Conn., became so commonplace that authorities were forced to post signs in the casinos parking lots warning parents not to leave children in cars unattended .
Domestic Violence:
* According to the National Research Council, studies indicate that between one quarter and one half of spouses of compulsive gamblers have been abused.
* Domestic violence shelters on Mississippis Gulf Coast reported increases in requests for assistance ranging from 100 to 300 percent after the introduction of casinos.
* A University of Nebraska Medical Center study concluded that problem gambling is as much a risk factor for domestic violence as alcohol abuse .
And the beat goes on. What galls one
about this whole matter is that our society and its politicians are well aware of these
studies with their alarming findings. Yet
they continue to approve the building of casinos left and right. These are the same men who for their own political
ends can fume about the evils of big tobacco companies with sanctimonious concern for
their fellow man. Yet they blithely ignore the statistics that expose the even greater
dangers and evils of the gambling industry. If
these same evils showed themselves every time a certain Sunday School program established
itself in an area, you may be sure such would be shut down within a week and inspectors
would be visiting local churches to make sure none was teaching this curriculum behind
closed doors. The media would be relentless
in its scathing exposés of the evil loose in the land.
But when it comes to gambling casinos, not a word.
Why not? Because gambling is a vice
and satisfies a sinful appetite. Satisfaction
of carnal appetites is something our society will not deny itself, no matter who is
damaged and destroyed. To engage in sinful,
anti-biblical behavior is an inalienable right, after all.
Much like homosexuality and abortion, for all their attendant evils. Ask almost any lawyer loose in the land.
The hypocrisy of it all.
Rev.
Kortering is a minister emeritus in the Protestant Reformed Churches.
Having set forth different views of the congregation and the
problems associated with them, we now turn to the correct view, which is called the
organic view of the church. This
term was coined by Herman Hoeksema, especially in his book Believers and Their Seed. Lets allow him to speak for himself as
we quote a short segment from this work. We
begin on page 114.
Gods people in this world are pictured to us in nature as a plant, of which some of the branches bear fruit and others do not. You are acquainted with such plants. Think, for example, of our well-known tomato plant. You have there an organism, growing out of one root. The entire organism is called by the name of the fruit-bearing plant. As such, it is fertilized; as such, it receives rain and sunshine. But when presently the organism of that plant has developed, then you discover that there are nevertheless two kinds of branches shooting forth on that one plant. There are fruit-bearing branches; but there, between them, you also find suckers, which indeed draw their life-sap out of the plant, but which never bear any fruit. Such shoots and suckers are then also cut out, in order that the good branches may bear more fruit. Thus it is with many plants. Thus it is also, for example, with the cucumber or with the grapevine. And in this you have the Scriptural figure of the people of God as they exist in the world. God forms His covenant people in the line of believers and their seed. As such, they manifest the figure of such an organic whole. He, then, who would refuse to call that people by the name of the people of God, he who would refuse to address them as Gods people, he who would refuse to assure them as Gods people of the riches of Gods promises in Christ, he who would refuse to point them as Gods people to their calling as those who are of the party of the living God in the midst of the world, but who would rather treat them as a mixed multitude, without any spiritual character or stamp that man would surely err sorely. Yet on the other hand, he who would think that he may presuppose that there are absolutely no unregenerate and reprobate individuals among that people, and who therefore would refuse to proclaim woe as well as weal to them if they do not walk in the paths of Gods covenant, that man would err just as sorely. No, that entire people must be addressed, treated, comforted, and admonished as the Israel of God. And yet, at the same time, you may never forget that not all is Israel that is called Israel. There are branches which never bear fruit, which bring forth wild fruit, and which are presently cut off.
This organic view of the church relates not only to the local congregation, but
also to the church throughout the entire world. She
is to be viewed as one organic whole, living out of Jesus Christ and in Him bearing much
fruit. At the same time, she is not the
church triumphant but the church militant, still doing battle against sin and death,
without and within. Therefore, it is proper
that whether the established church is within a mission setting such as Singapore, or
within a mature denomination such as the Protestant Reformed Churches in America, the
pastor views his congregation in this manner.
The Bible sheds abundant light upon this subject.
The prophet Isaiah used this language in
Isaiah 5:1-7:
Now will I sing to my well-beloved a song of my beloved touching his vineyard. My well beloved hath a vineyard in a very fruitful hill: And he fenced it, and gathered out the stones thereof, and planted it with the choicest vine, and built a tower in the midst of it, and also made a winepress therein: and he looked that it should bring forth grapes, and it brought forth wild grapes. And now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem, and men of Judah, judge, I pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard. What could have been done more to my vineyard that I have not done in it? Wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes? And now, go to: I will tell you what I will do to my vineyard; I will take away the hedge thereof, and it shall be eaten up; and break down the wall thereof, and it shall be trodden down: And I will lay it waste: it shall not be pruned, nor digged; but there shall come up briers and thorns: I will also command the clouds that they rain no rain upon it. For the vineyard of the Lord of hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for judgment, but behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry.
Even though Israel/Judah had
apostatized and made themselves ready for judgment, yet God approaches her as my
well-beloved. For among them rest the
remnant of grace out of whose body shall come forth the promised Messiah.
The Lord Jesus uses the same approach in His ministry. This is found in
John 15:1-6:
I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman. Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he taketh away: and every branch that beareth fruit, he purgeth it, that it may bring forth more fruit. Now ye are clean through the word which I have spoken unto you. Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, except it abide in the vine; no more can ye, except ye abide in me. I am the vine, ye are the branches: He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit: for without me ye can do nothing. If a man abide not in me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered; and men gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned.
Here He pictures the church as a living
vine made up of many branches. Some of the
branches must be cut off because they do not bear fruit.
Others must be pruned so they bear more fruit.
The church is viewed as such a vine, upon which the Father as husbandman performs
all his work of gathering the fruits.
Paul follows this same example when he refers to the church throughout all of history as an olive tree (cf.
Rom. 11:16-27).
We
will summarize the teaching of the inspired apostle.
He sets forth the church as being one church, made up of natural olive branches
(believing Jews) and wild olive branches that have been engrafted into the olive tree
(believing Gentiles). God is constantly
working upon this olive tree by the preaching of the gospel. This activity of God was not to eliminate the
Jews. Rather, He included believing Gentiles
in this one tree to provoke the Jews to jealousy, so that they might in turn also embrace
Jesus Christ, and in this manner both all Israel is saved and the
fullness of the Gentiles is come in. The
entire church of all ages, made up of believing Jews and Gentiles, is viewed as the one
olive tree.
This explains why the same apostle, in his letters, addressed the churches as
the church of God. See, for example,
I Corinthians 1:2:
Unto the
church of God which is at Corinth, to them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to
be saints, with all that in every place call upon the name of Jesus Christ our Lord, both
theirs and ours. He was well aware that
there were all sorts of problems in this church, and he had to address severely in this
letter many erring members. Yet he does not
view them as mixed or lost, but rather as saved in Christ who need to hear the message of
the gospel.
In keeping with this biblical teaching, the pastor addresses the congregation at
the time of worship as Beloved in our Lord Jesus Christ. He does not approach them as lost souls, nor as a
mixed multitude, nor as all saved, but rather as the church that is in Jesus Christ. Just because that church is still in the midst of
this world, it needs the instruction of the truth of salvation. The members must hear over and over again the call
to repentance and faith, to convert unto God, to live new and holy lives. Sprinkled throughout all the epistles are
exhortations and warnings against sin and a call to repent and believe.
The danger that a preacher who holds to this clear teaching of the Bible faces is
that he may draw a wrong conclusion, that he is to preach to the church as those who are
saved and secure in Christ, who do not need to hear a call to repent and believe because
they are saved already. If this is his view,
he would conclude that there is no need for mission preaching as we explained
it in our former article. Such neglect would
have a devastating effect on the local church.
Herman Hoeksema warns against this in his Reformed Dogmatics. I quote from
pages 654 and 655:
The preaching of the Word in the sphere of the covenant must be both distinctive and upbuild-ing. It cannot proceed on the assumption that all the children of the covenant, that is, all those that are born in the sphere of and under the covenant, are elect and regenerated. The theory of presumptive regeneration, according to which it is presumed that all the children that are born under the covenant are regenerated, is certainly not Scriptural; not all are Israel that are of Israel; and not the children of the flesh, but the children of the promise are counted for the seed. Nor can it be said that those who are under the covenant, but who are and remain carnal and never come to saving faith or true conversion, belong to the exceptions. The history of the Old Testament church teaches quite the opposite. Always it was the carnal seed that abounded in the covenant of the old dispensation, and the remnant according to the election of grace was saved. Nor does this appear different when we look at the church of the new dispensation in general. If we consider baptized Christendom as a whole, it would seem that those who have apostatized from the faith are far more numerous than the faithful believers. Always, therefore, there is a carnal seed in the church. And the theory of presumptive regeneration, that presumes that all the children born in the covenant are elect, is not only unscriptural, but it is also dangerous. Dangerous it is, not because, as the popular saying goes, it tends to let the people go to hell with an imaginary heaven: for that is quite impossible, at least where the truth is preached. But the danger is that because it presumes what is not true, according to Scripture, it leaves the carnally minded in the church, and thus the church of Christ is corrupted. And therefore the preaching must be directed not only to the elect, but also to the reprobate; not only to the godly, but also the ungodly. It must be so distinctive that under its influence the reprobate and ungodly cannot remain, but will reveal themselves as haters of the truth of God and His Christ.
Moreover, even the elect and regenerated are not perfect. Even as regards them, there is much flesh in the church. Daily they have to strive with the desires and lusts of the flesh, and must be admonished steadfastly to walk in the way of the covenant, to hate sin, and to fight against it and flee from it.
Therefore, the preaching in the sphere of the covenant must always be distinctive. This does not mean that it must divide the church into elect and reprobate, converted and unconverted, and address them separately. Rather, it means that the whole church, as it organically exists in the world, must be brought under the influence of the very same preaching. The same Word must be directed to all. All must be exhorted to be converted and to convert themselves, to repent in dust and ashes. All must be admonished continually to walk in the way of sanctification and to live antithetically, as of the party of the living God in the midst of the world. Such preaching will have the result that it is a savor of life for those whom God has chosen unto everlasting salvation, but at the same time a savor of death unto death for the rest. Only under such preaching alone will the church be built up, and believers will be edified.
This same idea is expressed forthrightly in our Heidelberg Catechism, Lords
Day 31. Our purpose in making this reference
now is not to go into detail concerning what is to be said.
We will consider that in our next article. Rather,
we refer to this Lords Day from the point of view of the congregation needing the
keys of the kingdom of heaven. Obviously, the
keys of the kingdom are given to the established church, which has officebearers doing
their work as assigned by Christ. The two
keys of the kingdom include the preaching of the gospel and the exercise of Christian
discipline. Notice with me, there are in the
local congregation believers who need Gods Word.
according to the command of Christ it is declared and publicly
testified to all and every believer, that, whenever they receive the promise of the gospel
by a true faith, all their sins are really forgiven
. Added to that is mention of other members of the
congregation who are called unbelievers.
when
it is declared and testified to all unbelievers, and such as do not sincerely repent, that
they stand exposed to the wrath of God and eternal condemnation
.
From this we conclude that, even though we rejoice in the clear teaching of the
Bible that the church is viewed organically as the people of God, and the pastor ministers
to them as such, nevertheless this does not make missionary preaching unnecessary. The unconverted must be called to repent and
believe. The pastor must be fully aware of
this fact, and therefore his preaching must always be that of a two-edged sword that will
cut the hearts of Gods people so that they cry out in sorrow and repentance. It will also speak to the unbelievers that they
stand exposed to Gods wrath and punishment. As we learn in
II Corinthians 2:15,
the preaching of the gospel will be a sweet savor of
Christ in them that are saved and in them that perish.
The established church, whether in a mission setting such as Singapore or in our
churches here in America, preach the same gospel. There
is only one gospel, that given to us on the pages of the infallible Word of God. That Word is full of exhortations to repent, to
forsake evil, to know and embrace the God of creation, to stand by faith at the foot of
the cross of Jesus and receive Him as Gods Redeemer, the only One through whom we
can become righteous before God. All who
truly embrace Jesus as their Savior come to know Him as their Lord. Salvation and holy
living go together. One cannot be saved and
continue in sin. Rather he forsakes all sin
and seeks to walk in a new and holy life with God. We
acknowledge that the heart of the gospel is Jesus Christ, and that every sermon must have
Christ at its center. This can be true only
if we recognize that every sermon must be addressed to sinners who need to be converted to
God and come to realize that true liberty in Christ is to be victorious over sin. Thus every sermon beats with the vibrancy of the
good news of salvation, which we call here mission preaching.
This is the idea of Heidelberg Catechism preaching as well. So-called catechism preaching is not limited to an
exercise in dogmatic instruction. It is
preaching the gospel every Lords Day. A
proper understanding of the threefold knowledge necessary to live and die happily in
comfort makes this clear. The threefold
knowledge of the catechism makes up the good news of the gospel. The sins I know Sunday morning when I get up to go
to church are the sins that make me miserable that very moment, and I need to hear the
gospel of comfort that very morning. Growing
in the consciousness of sin is what makes me miserable.
The older I get, and the more mature I become, the more I see how terrible my sins
are and how impossible it is for me to be saved apart from the love and mercy of a
Heavenly Father who gave us His own Son.
My point is this, that if we preach such a gospel in the setting of the established
church and God brings a non-Christian or unconverted man off the street, we dont
have to change the message or hold a special service for him. He can come anytime into our services and he will
hear mission preaching. There may
be differences, in that certain passages are more conducive to this, or that the emphasis
may be upon various aspects of our Christian faith, nevertheless, every sermon will have
Christ at its center, and with Christ, the good news of the gospel.
We will focus on this a little more in our next article.
Rev.
VanderWal is pastor of Hope Protestant Reformed Church in Redlands, California.
Take heed that ye do not your alms before men, to be seen of them: otherwise ye
have no reward of your Father which is in heaven. Therefore
when thou doest thine alms, do not sound a trumpet before thee, as the hypocrites
do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may have the glory of men. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward. But when thou doest alms, let not thy left hand
know what thy right hand doeth: That thine alms may be in secret: and thy Father which
seeth in secret himself shall reward thee openly.
Rewarded of Men
Through the dusty streets of the city echoed the clear note of a
trumpet. Though it was not a call to arms or
battle, all within hearing left whatever dealings engaged them at the moment. They quickly made their way to the place whence
the trumpet beckoned them. In the midst of
the gathering throng one man stood apart. Fine
clothes adorned him. His manners bespoke
great wealth. In his hand he held a bag of
considerable weight. The multitude fell
silent, watching this man and his bag. He
stepped forward. The bag he opened. Into it he put his hand, drawing out a gold coin. He threw the coin into a great chest arranged to
receive his money. How it flashed and glinted
in the sunlight! The hand went back into the
bag. Another coin drawn out, and cast into
the chest. Another coin, then another coin,
then another and another. The multitude
counted ... 200 solid gold coins!
For days to come that rich man was the talk of the town. His name received the
highest honors. An honorable man he must be,
to have given such a sum to the poor. The
rich man that day gained many friends. Many
would go to him, seeking his advice. And the
people were certain that Gods favor shone upon him.
He received his reward from men. Men
gave him glory. Men gave him their praise. They lifted up his name. However, heed the judgment of Christ. Verily I say unto you, They have their
reward. He received all his reward in
those praises of men. There was nothing for
him from God.
That reward of men was, after all, the goal of this rich man. He was a hypocrite.
He had no heart for God. He was not
thinking about God at all. Instead, his whole
purpose was consumed with men. He had the
trumpet blown, the multitude gathered about him, so that they might see him. He wanted the glory of men. As far as this hypocrite was concerned, he
received exactly his hearts desire.
How true must be, then, the words of Christ. Otherwise
ye have no reward of your Father which is in heaven.
Verily I say unto you, They have their reward. There is nothing for this hypocrite from God. God has turned away from his so-called worship!
There is another side to the reward, of course. The wrath of God rests upon all those who engage
in such practices only for show. The reward
for such is the reward for all sin. And how
much greater is that reward condemnation for the hypocrite. Knowing the will of God, following it in its form,
and yet doing so with a heart so far from God, must bring awful condemnation. That condemnation is furthered even by his act of
almsgiving. He will show his mercy and keep
it in connection with his own name. He
refuses to connect the name of God with that mercy.
Against these hypocrites God must vindicate the glory of His mercy.
What is the hypocrisy of this trumpet-attended almsgiving? It is the horrible combination of external
religious service mixed with the desire of human praise.
The hypocrite uses religious activities to bring glory to his own name, rather than
to bring honor and glory to God. The using of
the things of God in the service of men is the hypocrisy.
How contrary to the practice of true religion: men serving their God!
However, the point that Christ makes is a kind of equality. What the hypocrite gives in this worship is
exactly what he receives. He engages in this
form of worship in order to be seen of men. By
men he is seen and praised. From men he
receives his reward.
Rewarded of God
This same idea of equality must also serve the opposite, the good and the true
worship of God. Christ indicates this true
worship of God in contrast to the worship of verses 1 and 2. When thou doest alms, let not thy left hand
know what thy right hand doeth. This is
the language of exaggeration. So much must
other men be ignorant of the giving of alms, even the givers own left hand must be
ignorant. With this language the point is
driven home: that thine alms may be in
secret.
The great divide between hypocritical and true alms-giving centers in this purpose. The purpose of hypocritical giving is to be seen
of men. The purpose of true giving is not to
be seen of men. It wholly avoids the sight of
men, that God may see.
Why is this so? Surely God does not
see only that which is done in secret. He
sees the giving of the hypocrite. He takes
note. Its wickedness shall be fully revealed
at the last day, and the hypocritical giver shall be punished by God.
Rather, we may put the difference this way. Both
the hypocrites and the true givers desire someone to see and recognize them and what they
do. The hypocrite desires men to see, to
recognize, and to reward. The true desires
another. He desires God. He desires God to see, to recognize, and to
reward. According to that desire, so
corresponds the word of Christ: and thy
Father which seeth in secret himself shall reward thee openly.
Therefore, this secret giving of alms is an act of true worship in the kingdom of
God. This giving has Gods eye upon it. It is the only giving that God sees. It alone is acceptable worship. He beholds it in order to bless it.
The secret giving of alms is blessed by the Lord.
That secret giving is not blessed merely because men do not see it. Nor is it blessed because only God sees it. Those things treat only the formal act. The point is that secret giving demonstrates the
condition of ones heart before God. Does
this giver worship God in His heart? Were no
man to know of his giving, would he still give? In
other words, does he give even of his material goods out of his heart, out of love to God
who alone seeth in secret?
That secret giving is blessed also because of its deepest root. We look further back than the act of giving, even
done in secret. We look to the reason of that
giving. It does not come out of a mercenary
motive. He does not give secretly so that the
Father alone sees it, and will reward it publicly. He
gives secretly because he has received mercy from God.
This religious activity has its origin in the heart: love to God kindled by
Gods first love to the giver. Out of
the heart, the hand exercises itself in secret, before God who seeth in secret.
Our Lord Jesus Christ then holds out the end of secret giving. It will be rewarded, and that after a public
manner. That reward is blessed indeed. For it is the reward, not of men, but of God. It shall be declared that God was pleased with
such giving. He will bring forward the name
of the giver: This man! He will declare the
gift: This he gave. He will reward the giver with divine approval. All this He will do before all men. That true, spiritual worship God will vindicate. The other, carnal worship, He will condemn.
Worship of God
We must go to the source of this true, spiritual giving. Only when we examine its root are we able to see
its praiseworthy character before God.
The hypocritical giving, mentioned first in this passage, is always the giving of
the natural man. The hypocrite bears enmity
in his heart toward God. Should his gift be
only a matter of giving for Gods sake, He refuses.
He cannot give in secret. He desires
no reward from God. He will give to exalt
himself even against God. He will strive to
believe that He can show mercy, without the mercies of Jesus Christ. Such is the giving of all men by nature. Their giving is sinful, and always merits the
wrath of God.
The giving required by the King of the kingdom is a true, spiritual giving. That giving is undertaken only by a spiritual man. He has been born again into the kingdom of God by
the Holy Spirit. His eyes have been opened to
see God, who has shown him such mercy. Receiving
that mercy of God freely he gives to God. He
gladly gives in secret, seeking to please God alone.
His desire is not to receive reward from men, their praise. But he desires to receive the reward of God, to
know that what He has done is pleasing to Him alone.
The reward, therefore, is a reward of grace. It
is public, accomplished before all men. It is
given to the one who has given in secret. Ultimately,
though, God has crowned His own work in that man. That
makes the giving blessed indeed!
True almsgiving is an act of worship of God. Through
this almsgiving, God receives the glory, not men. The
idea of giving alms we ought to have clearly before us: giving out of the mercies of God
toward men. As God has blessed His people
with His mercy, so were they to show mercy to others.
Out of the abundance God had given to some of His people, so were they to be
instruments of Gods abundant mercy towards the poor.
In true almsgiving the glory of Gods mercy is maintained.
There is, therefore, a twofold way in which the mercy of God is known in this true,
spiritual almsgiving. The mercy of God is
remembered by the one giving alms in secret. Self-promotion
and self-glorification are prohibited by the Lord. He
must not consider his own work in giving, but must consider the Lords work to him,
the showing of mercy. Second, the mercy of
God is shown to the recipient of those alms. Because
the giving was in secret, he has no human name and no human face to put with what he
received. He is led to the divine name of
God, and the light of Gods countenance upon him.
The secret giving of alms must ever be nourished for the sake of true religion,
that religion of the heart that is acceptable with God.
The church in which alms are given must guard its giving, to see that it is done in
secret. It must not publish by any means the
names of almsgivers. This secret giving must
be cherished by the people who give. Hypocrisy
must be rebuked and secrecy encouraged among the saints.
Questions for Meditation
and Further Study:
1. Compare this passage to
Mark 12:41-44,
Acts 4:34-5:
11,
II Corinthians 9:1-7.
How do these passages complement and strengthen the teaching of
Matthew 6:1-4?
2.
How do we tend towards this hypocritical worship?
How can we guard against it?
3.
Are there practices among us that fall under the condemnation of this passage,
e.g., the envelope system for general funds, or contributing to other causes? Why or why not?
4.
Is the reward identified in verse 4 in conflict with the truth of
sovereign grace as it touches our worship?
Rev.
Kuiper is a minister emeritus in the Protestant Reformed Churches.
In the Greek New Testament there are several
words that express the idea of love, fondness, affection, or friend; the most common of
these words is philos. Philos is found
in many compound forms, giving us lovers of God, lovers of contention, lovers of pleasure,
lovers of wisdom, lovers of children, lovers of honor, and lovers of preeminence. We will deal primarily with philos, which
can have a broad range of meanings, such as friend, associate, or companion, indicating
various degrees of closeness.
The Hebrew Old Testament has basically two words that express friendship and
affection. One has a wide range of meanings,
much as philos above. The other is
very much restricted in its use to indicate intimate love and a close relation of
friendship. We must appreciate these nuances
of meaning in the original languages, lest our English translations lead us to a certain
amount of confusion and untenable conclusions.
The words we examine here are extremely important to a proper conception of the
covenant of grace. It is not an exaggeration
to say that there can be no correct understanding of the covenant of God with us and with
our children unless Scriptures own emphasis upon friendship is appreciated and
included.
First, then, a number of passages that show that there is a natural friendship
between members of the human race, and that sometimes the term friend can mean only
acquaintance or associate. David was deeply grieved that his own familiar friend had lifted up the heel against him
(Ps. 41:9).
A whisperer separateth friends, in the church or in the world
(Prov. 16:28).
Wealth maketh many friends or associates
(Prov. 19:4).
Business
acquaintances are called friends; Friend, I do these no wrong; didst thou not agree with me for a penny?
(Matt. 20:13).
Political
friendships are formed for selfish reasons. Pilate
and Herod became friends because they discovered that they both hated Jesus and His kingdom
(Luke 23:12).
The Jews threatened
Pilate with the loss of his political appointment, saying, If thou let this man go, thou art not Caesars friend
(John 19:12).
And, during the famine in Tyre and Sidon, the citizens of that area made Blastus their friend, that the king might supply nourishment
(Acts 12:20).
Of more importance to us are the passages that reveal a more intimate, deeper, and
lasting kind of friendship. We begin with Abra-ham, with whom God established His covenant
(Gen. 17:7),
and whom we know as the
father of all believers. God drove out the
inhabitants of Canaan,
and gavest it to the seed of Abraham thy friend for ever
(II Chron. 20:7).
Israel is
assured of Gods help: But thou,
Israel, art my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, the seed of Abraham my friend (Is.
41:8). Abraham was called the friend of God
(James 2:23)
not once or twice in the Old Testament was he called this, but that
was the well-known, common description of him, so called by believers and unbelievers. And we can add that humble servant of God, Moses,
with whom the Lord spoke face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend
(Ex. 33:11).
Why were such children of God as Enoch, Noah, Abraham, and Moses the friends of God? Because they walked with God
(Gen. 5:22;
6:9), because they believed in God, because all enmity between them and God was removed by Jesus Christ
(James 2:23),
because God chose them in eternity and loved them
(Eph. 1:4,
5), and because God embraced them in His redeemed family as Father. The knowledge of faith regarding such truth is the
basis of friendship with God!
Are you a friend of God? Every
believer is in the covenant of grace and experiences friendship with God! Jesus is the Friend of publicans and sinners
(Luke 7:34).
He called Lazarus His friend
(John 11:11).
Most beautiful of all, in my estimation, is
John 15:15:
Henceforth
I call you not servants, for the servant knoweth not what his lord doeth: but I have called you friends; for all things that
I have heard of my Father I have made known unto you.
Clearly, the covenant relation of friendship thrives in the most intimate possible
way, upon the basis of knowing God. This is
eternal life!
The friendship that we enjoy with God
in Jesus Christ is a friendship that we also share with all other believers. The
Apostles Creed calls this the communion of saints. A friend loveth at all times
(Prov. 17:17),
sticketh closer than a brother
(Prov. 18:24),
will point out our sins and faults
(Prov. 27:6),
and even shows how great his love
for us is by being willing to lay down his life for his friends, using Jesus as the example
(John 15:13).
Covenant friendship with God implies that we walk antithetically before Him. We are the friends of Jesus according as we keep His commandments, rejecting all that is contrary to them. We know that the friendship of the world is enmity with God (James 4:4). As God is light, so we strive to walk with Him as children of light (I John 1:5-7).
Rev.
Smit is pastor of the Protestant Reformed Church in Doon, Iowa.
Would you have given the second coin?
By nature both we and the poor widow of
Mark 12:41-44
would have kept the second
coin. By nature we do not love God so much
that we would have given the second coin. Me
always comes first. We will try to get away
with robbing the Lords treasury as much as we can, before we will ever be forced to
give to it. We will not give sufficiently
unless we really have to or unless it comes to the point, for example, that our
schoolteachers are starving, or the school will close tomorrow if we do not give today.
How desperately we need the mercy of God to rescue us from robbing His treasury of
the means to support the ministry of the gospel, the poor, and the cause of covenant
instruction in our homes. How earnestly we
need to seek God in humility and repentance for His grace and Spirit to give what is
required and to give in true thanksgiving, like the poor widow.
Giving as she did, by the grace of God, means that we fill up the treasury of God. It means that we teach our children and young
people to give already when they begin to make an income from odd jobs. We teach them that giving unto the Lord is not a
burden, but a privilege. After all, it is a
privilege to give unto the Lord what He has given to us as an undeserved blessing in Jesus
Christ.
In
that way of faithful giving there is a blessed expectation. Scripture teaches that there is a blessed
expectation in giving faithfully to the Lord as illustrated by the poor widow.
Immediately, we in unbelief would object to the truth that there was a blessed
expectation for the poor widow in her sacrificial, self-denying, and spiritually complete
giving. By nature, we would judge that poor
widow as very foolish because the lot of the poor widows in those days was terrible. The widows had not only a very hard life because
of their loneliness, but also had a very oppressive life financially. Seeing the poor widow throw in both coins, we
would judge her as foolish. She was giving
away her daily bread to the temple treasury! She
was risking hunger! How could there be any
advantage and blessed expectation in that kind of giving?
Our old, corrupt nature would judge her as reckless.
However, the fact is that our old corrupt nature is a fool. We say by nature that all our things are
mine. We will give to the Lord on
our own terms according to our own wisdom. We
behave most often like a spiritually greedy octopus:
clinging with all our arms and tentacles to all our possessions, not willing to let
even one penny go, except for our own vainglory and pride.
We are prone constantly to ignore willingly that all our possessions are the
Lords, and that all our coins, right down to the last two pennies, are not our own,
but belong unto the Lord. We are required to
use them as good stewards, and be ready to give them unto the Lord cheerfully, faithfully,
liberally, sacrificially, and in humble gratitude unto the Lord.
To do that requires the painful death of the old man of sin, because it is
impossible for us to see the wisdom and blessedness in the poor widows giving. For that painful death of our covetous old man of
sin, we stand in absolute need of the Spirit and grace of our Lord Jesus Christ to purify
us in that life of giving even our last two coins, if necessary, in gratitude to our God.
Then, by the Spirits work in our hearts, we learn the heavenly wisdom of
true, faithful giving. The man of wisdom
understands the necessity of the financial sacrifices needed to maintain our own parental,
covenant schools for the instruction of our covenant youth in the fear of Jehovah. He realizes that the world calls such giving an
oppressive bondage and financial suicide, but he regards that spiritual sacrifice for the
covenant seed as a duty, a privilege, and a spiritual investment. Therefore, he sows his seeds liberally. He casts his bread liberally upon the water. He gives in true thanksgiving unto the Lord,
knowing that he shall inherit the earth and that he and his spiritual seed are heirs to a
spiritual fortune whose wealth cannot be calculated.
The man of wisdom gives with his heart in the assurance that he and his seed will
possess very soon the full wealth and glory of the Lord in His everlasting kingdom in the
heavenly Canaan.
That is the blessed expectation upon which we set our eyes of faith as we truly
give unto the Lord in our worship.
In
that expectation, the poor widow could expect confidently that the Father would continue
to provide for her in this life. She expected
that the Father would provide her daily bread. She
did not worry about her daily bread. She was
given the spiritual courgage to trust in the Lord completely, not only for her salvation,
but also for her daily bread. When having to
part with that second coin, she in her faith did not worry about hunger, starvation, or
death. She gave willingly and did not fret
about tomorrow. To paint her contentment and
trust in modern terms, we would say that she did not worry when giving both coins that her
electricity would be turned off, that the telephone service would be cut off, or that she
might have to go through the day with one less meal.
Yet, that is exactly what we sinfully worry about.
We worry about what will happen to us if we give too much. Part of the problem is that we expect to
have certain things in life. We have
become so accustomed to the affluence of our day, that we expect a certain level of living
as though we have a right to certain kinds of possessions and a right to a certain amount
of possessions. On that basis, we worry that
we will give too much and then be left with not enough for ourselves. We worry sinfully that we will have to forgo the
savings account or spend the retirement funds to support the kingdom causes. In that worry we are prone to hold on to that
second coin as long as we can. We are prone,
for example, with respect to the church budget to calculate to the last penny what is our
share of the budget so that we do not pay a penny over our share, even though we may have
the God-given means at our disposal to give much more.
We think we have to make sure that we have enough first.
But, that is wrong. By doing so, we
are not only robbing God of the gifts that we should be giving freely and liberally, but
most importantly we are robbing Him of the thanksgiving and honor due His name. The sinful hesitancy in giving what God demands
and what God deserves at the offering plate is not according to the example of the poor
widow. Thats not the kind of life of
gratitude to which Christ has redeemed us. We
have been redeemed unto that life of gratitude and called unto that kind of giving as stated in
Malachi 3:10,
Bring ye all the tithes into the storehouse, that there may
be meat in mine house, and prove me now herewith, saith the Lord of hosts, if I will not open you the windows
of heaven, and pour you out a blessing, that there shall not be room enough to receive
it.
It
is upon that promise that the faith of the poor widow stood. That is true because true faith always stands
upon the promises of God and in obedience to the commands of the Lord.
The Lord commands us to seek His kingdom even in our giving. We are called to seek Gods kingdom by our
faithful giving in worship. We are called to
seek the kingdom of God by supporting the ministry of the gospel and the seminary. We must see to it that the poor, whom we always
have with us, are properly supported. We must
seek the kingdom by maintaining our own parental, distinctively Reformed, Christian
schools for the faithful instruction of our covenant youth.
We must seek the kingdom of God by procuring the necessary earthly means for the
support of these things and then seek the Lords wisdom to be wise and good stewards
of the earthly means God gives us. The
bottom line, however, is that the kingdom of Christ must come first in our hearts and
minds. Our obligations to these things must
be first and foremost. The treasury of the
Lord must be first.
When we seek His kingdom first, the Lord promises that He will add all these other
things unto us. He will provide us with our
daily bread. He will provide us with the
earthly means for the maintenance of the gospel and the instruction of the generations
after us in His fear.
The Lord will not let His promise go unfulfilled.
He will not forsake you, for Christs sake.
He will provide all that you need in body and soul.
And, most importantly, He is pleased to bless you through those earthly means for
the sake of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Appreciating that salvation in the shed blood of Christ which God has freely given
us and in which He has established us, we will cheerfully and faithfully labor to give
freely and thankfully in love to the Lord and for His glory. That is learned in the way of daily conversion by
the work of the Lords Spirit.
The fruit of His work is the giving of both coins in His fear, like the poor widow.
May the Lord by His grace so work that in us more and more unto His glory.
Rev.
Dick is pastor of Grace Protestant Reformed Church in Standale, Michigan.
In the March 15 issue of the
Standard Bearer, Grace Life elaborated upon these seven theses of
covenant marrying:
1.
The father of the Christian home must earnestly endeavor to know who his children
are to marry.
2.
Fathers knowledge of God is crucial for the fathers superintending the
marriage of his children.
3.
The godly father will seek to know Gods will for a mate for his children
through his knowledge of families.
4.
Mates will be pursued in the church.
5.
The church will be actively involved in the marrying of the children of the church.
6.
There are things covenant men must know and be first if they will know
Gods will for marriage.
7.
Godly men will reflect Christ in their preparation for marriage and pursuit of a
maid.
For explanations of these theses I refer the reader to the last Standard Bearer. For the rest, read on!
8.
A godly woman will be as Christs Church in receiving a man who comes as
Christ.
Explanation: A virtuous womanwho can find her
(Prov. 31:10)?
As rare as faith, these days, I fear. But where there is grace there is virtuosity,
though it be only a small beginning
in women.
All her life the godly girl and then woman, guided by her parents, cultivates in
herself and in her life this virtue. It is a
constant cultivation. It is a difficult
cultivation. For virtue does not naturally
grow, and thrive. Vices do, as so many weeds,
thorns, and thistles. Pleading Gods
mercy, relying on Gods mercy, Gods women, godly women will make virtue their
beauty. This goal of this kind of beauty,
because of their love for God, and their love to show His loveliness, will be their prayer
life. To be virtuously beautiful will be why
they read the Bible. Their growth, their
education, their use of their talents, their relationships are all to bear witness to the
truth of the sanctified body, the Holy Spirit enlightened mind, the time that is our gift
for Christs service, friendships in the Lord. And
all of the godliness, the faith, the grace, the joy, the cheerfulness, the kindness, the
purity, the righteousness, the winsomeness, the longsuffering these women beauties show is
thus to show off the beautiful Savior, the fairest among ten thousand, our Lord Jesus.
This relentless, this sacrificial, this all-consuming pursuit and cultivation of
virtue is necessary for, and the privilege of, any member of the body of Christ. It is also vital for the womans attracting
no Casanova, but one who is as Christ. And it
is for her preparation to picture the church in her marriage adorned and bedecked with the ornaments and jewels of the Savior-Husbands own beauty
(Ezek. 16:8ff.;
Eph. 5).
Especially meekness and patience and quietness will mark this woman as she waits on
God, to know and to do His will concerning marriage. These virtues will, indeed, be her adornment, even as a young maid
(I Pet. 3:1-4).
They will serve her well in her submission to her
lord husband. They will distinguish her
present single life from wilting Esmeraldas secret life of desperation and from loud
and aggressive hot-lips Hoolahan, and as a blessed, virtuous, and peaceful life of
communion with her precious Lord!
So the beauty the virtuous woman seeks in all is Spirit deep. The rare virtuous woman actively pursues virtue. She humbly and meekly waits for a virtuous man, if
the Lord would have her have one, all the while going on in her life, growing spiritually
in her life, useful in her life, loving the Man, and the God who is her life.
Having said that, we all acknowledge that there is a beauty of the skin. About that, the godly woman will be content with
the way and the form the Lord has made her. Whatever
endowments she has, she will not flaunt them. And
she will be modest. Whoever you are, ladies,
whether you think you are among the haves, or among the have-nots, or among the
halvesplease dont be dying to dye, tanning for Dan, piercing for praise, or
dressing for the death of a young man! But
then also this must be said: dont dress
in burlap sacks (to be modest, so beautiful, is not to be a prude, so weird), eat so that
you look like a potato, or chew tobacco. Men,
after all, are attracted to and will marry a soul that they truly will love, and a body
(and white teeth) that they truly like.
What needs to be remembered is this: priority! Growing in the knowledge of God is the
priority. Remember we are in the world, yet
not of it. Be spiritually sensible, and not
carnally sensual, nor making otherwise good men bug-eyed and delirious.
The godly woman, if approached by a man, receives that man, and that man only, who
comes through her godly father to her. For
she knows her father is her head until she be given in marriage, and she is wise to
discern also that if any man does not honor her father in seeking her hand, he will surely
not honor her in marriage.
She will discern other things, as well, of course.
Does this man have the stigmata, the distinguishing marks of a
dying-unto-self-living-unto-God disciple of Christ? Or
are all his scars just from playing hockey? Is
this man serious? Is he ready? Does he know me, and has he decided among some
that I am the one, or is he playing the field here? What
does it mean that this man just rode up on a Harley?
She will see. In light of the Word of
God, and by faith, she will have wisdom.
If father speaks to her of a godly man who is desirous of her hand, and tells her
that he approves of this, and would encourage this, the godly woman must follow her heart,
yes or no (for she must willingly enter the marriage state!), but must make sure,
prayerfully, and by rigorous self-denial, that her heart is following her head, truly
submissive to the godly reasoning of her father, and trusting, more even than her own
judgment, the wisdom of her appointed father head.
Here, no wild dreams may enter, nor images of magazine models distort ones
discerning between godliness and holly-woodiness. Her
Christ-like man may have no form that she should desire him only for that (though there must
be some physical attraction guy to girl, and girl to guy!). And her mans strength may only be that he is
a humble servant of the Lord. Will she be so
appreciative, so receptive, of that kind of fellow?
May the beautiful covenant woman, in her trust, and her humble and glad
receptivity, and in the harmony of her spirit with the Spirit of the Lord within, be as Christs
graced church, hearkening to Him when He calls, when a certain man calls,
Christs way, according to the will of the Fathers fathers, saying
be
mine!
9.
Having been led to one another covenantally, in the context of family and church,
and hitherto trusting the guiding hand of God, a man and woman can know for sure very
simply if they are meant to be married.
Explanation: Right. There is a man who has been graced with godliness. God has caused him to mature, and to know he must
needs be married. He knows a godly,
marriageable woman, and she knows him. They
both are eager to know and to do Gods will and fathers will for marriage. The man has been sent by his own father, and goes,
willingly, to the father of this woman, to ask if he may proceed to confirm if it is
Gods will that he marry this fathers daughter.
The woman has consented to the mans overtures.
Now then, there is one thing left for the two
.
And it is not to get to know each other! Right
now, at this point, they do not date, or grope, or smell and be smelled, or go to Cygnus
on Friday or to Florida on spring break to get to know each other. They are not, when they come together (with the
express purpose of pursuing marriage with each other!) asking questions about
ones beliefs, where he worships, and what she thinks of Christian education
as
if they are not familiar with each others views on these things. Nor are they discussing favorite meals, hobbies,
and whatnot, as if this were the way of knowing Gods will for a mate.
This kind of getting to know each other is exactly what
dating is all about. This is
understandable, this mad goal of Dating. For
the two who date often do not know each other from Adam (or even, for that
matter, whether the one or the other is still in Adam or not!). As well, though they be Christian, daters have
thought there were no principles in the Bible to follow in order to know, specifically,
whom to marry, and that is why they are dating! And
besides, it is the mangy feature of Dating that the daters parents either do not
know, or do not approve, or do not lead the daters; instinct,
cologne, and the discernment of the youth are the dubious matchmakers.
So Dating is a getting to know, a trial and error sort of
thing, there having been only a slim (sometimes very slim!) and unprincipled narrowing of
the field before the Dating begins
.
But the godly, covenanting man and maid couple already know each other before they
come together in any kind of relationship other than friendship in the Lord. They must already know of each other that they are
confessedly and decidedly godly, and that each is ready for marriage if God so wills. Fathers will have seen to this, and in the family
relationship and church setting, and in Bible studies, and social functions the persons
themselves will have attained this knowledge of each other.
And they will know, as well, that there is an attraction for each other that is compelling
them to investigate the possibility of marriage to each other.
And more: if they have been led to the point where they are together, and that, in
the way described above, the two can be confident that they are meant, by God, for each
other in marriage!
The reason is this: they have, with godly intentions, and by seeking to uphold
the principles of covenant set forth in Gods Word, followed Gods way of
covenant marrying. They can believe,
therefore, that Father has led them neither to doubt, nor on a wild goose chase, but has
truly led them to marry!
So now, there is confidence! It is the
confidence of faith, the confidence of faith in Gods Word! So this couple, when they have been so led, do not
now say: Well see if this works out.
Nor do they grope. Nor are they now
second-guessing the leading of God hitherto. They
believe. And their way, from henceforward, is
not fingernail biting, line after line drawing, parent troubling, three years and counting
Dating
but peace!
There is, to be sure, this one thing that remains. There needs be confirmation of faith. The man and maid who have followed the course laid
out by biblical principles for marrying will now together, and having begun the
biblical way of marrying, confirm what they have been led to believe of Gods
will for them in marrying.
Just how is this confirmation process to proceed? Grace Life will offer an answer to that question next time, God willing.
Mr. Benjamin Wigger
Mr.
Wigger is an elder in the Protestant Reformed Church of Hudsonville, Michigan.
Mission Activities
First
we have to correct a mistake from mission activities reported in the January 15th
issue of the News. In that report
we wrote that there was encouraging news coming from Northern Ireland and the Fellowship
there, for not only had a family moved to the area of Ballymena to join the group, but one
family that had left when the church disbanded had also rejoined the group. This was not correct. No family that left the CPRC of NI when it
disbanded has returned. We apologize for any
embarrassment or confusion that this may have caused.
Rev. J. Mahtani, our churches missionary to Pittsburgh, PA, was happy to
inform the Steering Committee of the Mission there that the council of Southwest PRC in
Grandville, MI, the calling church for eastern home missions, has decided to proceed with
confession of faith in the Pittsburgh Mission later this year. Those who make confession of faith will have their
membership papers in Southwest church until a congregation is organized in Pittsburgh in
the Lords good time.
Evangelism Activities
The
Evangelism Committee of our Bethel PRC in Roselle, IL has produced an audio witness tape
for the use of their congregation entitled, A Brief Explanation of the Gospel. Their pastor, Rev. C. Haak, prepared this short
explanation of the gospel from a message that had originally aired on the Reformed Witness
Hour. Members of Bethel were encouraged to
use this new tool in their personal evangelism efforts.
Bethel was also encouraged to pray that our Father in heaven would give them an
opportunity to share the gospel with others. They
were reminded to be prepared, by having several tapes in their car, at work, at home, and
at school. Their evangelism committee also
placed a tub of past sermon tapes in their churchs kitchen for use by their
congregation. Members could use the tapes in
a couple of ways. They could listen to the
tapes on their daily commute to work or at home during the week. Or they could pass some tapes on to their friends,
family, or co-workers. Good reminders to us
all! Perhaps
the Lord will use efforts such as these to bring others to our congregations.
Congregation Activities
Friday
evening, February 28, our congregation in Edgerton, MN hosted a Request Night Program. An offering taken went to help support their Young
Adults Retreat planned for later this summer. The
program included special numbers from our churches in Doon and Hull, Iowa, along with
numbers from various groups in Edgerton, including their choir and catechism children.
Sunday evening, February 23, the auditorium of our Hudsonville, MI PRC was filled
to capacity with members from our west Michigan churches who had gathered to hear a
concert entitled, appropriately, Praise with Piano and Organ. There were eight organ and piano duets performed
by eight different twosomes. What a
wonderful and worthwhile way to bring the Lords Day to a close. Personally we hope these concerts continue. We have truly been blessed, as churches, with men
and women who have God-given musical talents and who are willing to share them with
others. From all of us there that night, a
thank-you to each one of you for all you did to make an hour go by all too quickly.
The Jr. Christian Fellowship Society of the Hudsonville, MI PRC invited the senior
members of their congregation to join them for a night of food, games, and fellowship on
February 21.
Young Peoples Activities
The
young people of our Southwest PRC in Grandville, MI enjoyed an outing recently which
included pizza and a Griffins hockey game in Grand Rapids.
You might also be interested to know that the young people of Southwest have been
asked, and have accepted an invitation from our Federation of Young Peoples
Societies, to organize and sponsor the 2004 PRYP Convention.
School Activities
Parents
and supporters of Eastside Christian School in Grand Rapids, MI were invited to attend a
speech given by Mr. Rick DeVries, a teacher at Covenant Christian High School, on European
Unification. This material was first given at
the Fall PR Teachers Convention, and later at a PTA meeting of Hope PR Christian
School. Mr. DeVries speech dealt with
recent developments in Europe that parallel some of the events that are predicted for the
last times. This could be of help to parents
and others as they attempt to give their children a Christian perspective on current
events.
Minister Activities
Rev.
R. VanOverloop, pastor of Georgetown PRC in Hudson-ville, MI, declined the call he was
considering to serve as our churches second missionary to Ghana. The Byron Center, MI PRC extended a call to Rev.
R. Van Overloop to serve as their next pastor. Also
included on that trio were the Revs. S. Key and D. Kleyn.
Topics for April
Date
Topic
Text
April 6
Wait on the Lord
Psalm 27:14
April 13
Jesus Given Over to
Death
Mark 15:1-5
April 20
The Risen Lord and the Gathered Church
Luke 24:36-46
April 27
The
Resurrection of the Body
I Corinthians 15:35-38
Last modified: 28-Mar-2003